theme: intensive development in the dwelling complex of the beginning of early 30th near the gosprom building in the city of kharkov (ukraine)
country and city. ukraine has been a sovereign state since 1991. in terms of its population, 48 million, and its area, 703 km2, ukraine is one of the largest countries in europe. established in 1654, the city of kharkov in 1919-1934 was the capital of the ukrainian socialist soviet republic. till now kharkov is the second largest city in ukraine according to population — 1.5 million people — after the capital kiev. kharkov is the most important intellectual, industrial and educational center of ukraine; there are 40 universities with about 250 thousand students in the city, i.e. 140 students for every 1000 citizens.
during 15 years of ukrainian independence the economic system and the lifestyle of the kharkov citizens have changed beyond recognition. this causes equally deep changes in the structure of a life environment. not only new developments, but also historical centre are involving actually into processes of the urban regeneration.
in late 20-th and up to the middle of 30-th in kharkov were designed and erected, for the new capital centre, the outstanding architectural com[lex of the freedom square (former dzerzhinski square): the gosprom building (house of the state industry), house of projects and cooperation house – the absolutely largest realisations of the modern movement architecture in the interwar europe.
design pogramme. two dwelling complexes situated just behind the gosprom building – "the red industrialist " and "the house of specialists" – have been selected as an object of reconstruction. these large dwelling formations have been built on a turn of 30th for employees of all-ukrainian trusts and design bureaus. the student’s task was to check up opportunities of essential condensation of the living environment of dwelling complexes 20 - 30th years without deterioration of conditions of residing in the existing buildings. the problem of observance in new building modern standards of infrastructural maintenance and comfort was put also. buildings were equipped in a full set of social and cultural service – kindergartens, table, shops and even high schools. the housing estate which is being behind of complex gosprom, for last three quarters of the xx-th century has appeared in the most attractive zone of the city center, but today this territory is used rather inefficiently. today the organization of a life in the scale inhabited complexes-quarters adjoining to a complex of the area of freedom, has undergone to degradation, the park accomplishment of huge court yard is disfigured, social functioning complexes is broken.
methodology. the author had been lead gathering initial materials, and the basic efforts have been devoted to search of archival materials in building capital kharkov. natural inspection of functioning and a physical condition of existing inhabited complexes has been lead. then on the basis of the analysis of morphology of a modern housing estate in ukraine, in russia and in the countries of the western europe have been chosen prototypical structures of new inhabited formations. basis of the design approach was the intensification and diversification uses of space of a court yard on a vertical (due to overlapping on one vertical of functions of a underground parking, social establishments and inhabited cells) and across (due to expansion of the case improving functional and heating engineering properties of inhabited structure). the special attention cattle is given to the decision of a problem of compatibility of scale and composite characteristics of existing and again created elements of the inhabited environment.
results of design development. the project foresees erection of the atrium apartment house in the inner space of the "the red industrialist" complex courtyard, development of four sections in front of this complex lengthways chichibabina street (former street of viii congress of soviets) and coordination of cases of " the house of specialists" by means of several (3) additional sections. the structure atrium at home with establishments of public service and underground parking place is most in details developed. the volumetric-spatial and functional decision of again erected objects is calculated on increase of efficiency of use of territory and returning to complexes of the lost completeness of social functioning.
the atrium house. atrium space with measurements 12,900 m х 60,000m х 17,200 (h) unites two gallery dwelling blocks. on the level of the raised ground floor the club space for children's and teenagers establishments and entrance vestibules are located. on the ground floor level also the open cafe is located in the picturesque atrium space. in a socle of the building there is a parking place for 85 cars. around the house the guest parking places for 38 cars more are placed. composition of the atrium is based on vigorous plastic of volumes and the expressive silhouette, reproducing, with a smooth strengthening, the general character of the "the red industrialist" complex composition. introduction of new active volume changes perception of the whole, "turning out" internal – domestic – space of thecomplex, giving to it a character of the representative city environment. four additional dwelling sections lengthways chichibabina street dismember and plastically enrich a flat western facade of a complex. the street is enlivened by new entrance vestibules, with the providing of parkings and the adjoining territory accomplishment.
